Conditionals

(Sometimes I have time) || (I don’t know) || in the result clause in first conditionals. These include //be going to, can, could, may, might, shall, should, have to// and //ought// //to//. || I might study English if I have time. || (I don’t have time whether I will have time) ||
 * Zero conditional  if X happens, Y happens  ||
 * general or scientific facts and definitions || If I **have** time, I **study** English.
 * First conditional  if X happens, Y will happen  ||
 * real conditions in the present or future and their results in the present or future || If I **have** time, I **will study** English.
 * Other modals and semi-modals can be used instead of //will//
 * Second conditional  if X happened, Y would happen  ||
 * hypothetical conditions in the present or future and their hypothetical results in the present or future || If I **had** time, I **would study** English.
 * Other modals can be used instead of //would// in the result clause in second conditionals. These include //might// and // со //// uld. //

In British English, we can use both was and //were// after //if// with first and third person singular. //Were// is more common in a formal style. In American English, it is usual to use //were.// In both British and American English, //were// is usually used in the phrase //If I were you, ....// ||  || (I didn’t have time) || I wish I //**didn't have**// to work tomorrow, but unfortunately I do. || I don't know it and I regret this now/ in general. refers to future || I feel sick. I wish I //**hadn't eaten**// so much cake. || but I didn't know. I ate too much cake. || If you don't help me, I won't be able to lift it. - I won't be able to lift it **unless** you help me.
 * Third conditional  if X had happened, Y would have happened  ||
 * hypothetical conditions in the past and their results in the past || If I **had had** time, I **would have studied** English.
 * Other modals can be used instead of //would// in the result clause in third conditionals. These include//might, could// and //should.// ||  ||
 * ~ Mixed conditionals ||~  ||
 * if X had happened, Y would happen || If I **had bought** a map, we **would not be** lost now. (I didn't buy a map so we are lost now) ||
 * if X happened, Y would have happened || If you **paid** attention in class, you **would have got** higher marks. (You don't pay attention in class in general. You didn't get high marks for the previous test) ||
 * ~ Regrets ||~  ||
 * I wish I //**knew**// Pauls' phone number.
 * I wish I **//had known//** that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him.
 * Conjunctions**
 * unless** is used when we say that if something does not happen, something else will happen as a result.

Help me with this, **otherwise** I won't be able to lift it. Help me with this. I won't be able to lift it **otherwise**.
 * otherwise** is another way of saying **if not**. It can also come at the end of a seperate sentence.

The if only clause can also be used alone as an exclamation.
 * if only** can be used as a way of emphasizing if.
 * If only** you'd told me, I could have helped you.
 * If only you'd told me!**

You can **only** go to the party **if** you are home before 12.00. You can go to the party **provided** you are home before 12.00. You can go to the party **as long as** you are home before 12.00. You can go to the party **on condition that** you are home before 12.00.
 * provided/ providing (that), as long as, on condition (that) = only... if**


 * even if** can also be used to emphasize **if.**
 * Even if** you begged him to take the money, he wouldn't accept.

This can also make an event seem less likely.
 * if (I) were to** is often used in writing which speculates about the future.
 * If the government were to** lower taxes, they would certainly win votes.
 * If I were to** offer you more money, would you stay in the job?


 * if (it) were/ was not/ hadn't been for** is used to describe how one event depends on another
 * If it were not for** **Helen**, our team would be the worst in this area! (= If Helen wasn't a really good player....)
 * If it hadn't been for Jim**, the child would have drowned. (If Jim hadn't jumped in to rescue the child.....)


 * supposing that, suppose, imagine**
 * Supposing** you had $ 5 million, what would you spend it on?
 * Imagine** you were president, how would you change the country?